J. Valdueza
Neurological Center, Segeberger Kliniken – Bad Segeberg, Germany

The cerebral venous outflow has been neglected for many years in neurology. Considering Neurosonology a first interest started with primarily venous disorders, e.g. cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis. In the last few years venous ultrasound analysis was performed in a variety of other neurological disorders like dural fistulas, transient global amnesia and even in acute arterial stroke. In multiple sclerosis a chronic impaired cerebral venous outflow has claimed to be the starting point of a cascade leading to the disease. This concept has not been reproduced by groups with a longstanding experience in venous duplex sonography. However, the debates increased the scientific interest on the venous side of the cerebral circulation and its outflow.